> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.range.org/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Glossary > A comprehensive reference for key terms used throughout Range documentation and the blockchain ecosystem. ## General terms **Address Poisoning:** A scam technique where attackers send small amounts of tokens from addresses similar to a user's legitimate contacts, hoping the user will accidentally copy the malicious address. **AMM (Automated Market Maker):** A type of decentralized exchange protocol that uses mathematical formulas to price assets, enabling permissionless trading without order books. **API Key:** A unique identifier used to authenticate requests to the Range API. Keep this confidential and never expose it in client-side code. **Blockchain:** A distributed ledger technology that records transactions across multiple computers in a way that ensures security, transparency, and immutability. **Bridge:** A protocol that enables the transfer of assets or data between different blockchain networks. **CEX (Centralized Exchange):** A cryptocurrency exchange operated by a centralized entity, such as Binance or Coinbase. **Cross-Chain:** Refers to operations, transactions, or protocols that work across multiple blockchain networks. **DEX (Decentralized Exchange):** A peer-to-peer marketplace for trading cryptocurrencies without intermediaries or central authority. **DeFi (Decentralized Finance):** Financial services built on blockchain technology, removing intermediaries and enabling open, permissionless access to financial products. ## Compliance and risk **AML (Anti-Money Laundering):** Regulations and procedures designed to prevent criminals from disguising illegally obtained funds as legitimate income. **Blacklist:** A list of addresses or entities that are blocked from transacting due to suspected malicious activity or regulatory restrictions. **KYC (Know Your Customer):** The process of verifying the identity of users to prevent fraud, money laundering, and terrorist financing. **KYT (Know Your Transaction):** Real-time monitoring and analysis of blockchain transactions to detect suspicious activity and ensure compliance. **OFAC (Office of Foreign Assets Control):** A U.S. Treasury department that enforces economic and trade sanctions. Many blockchain addresses are sanctioned by OFAC. **Risk Score:** A numerical value assigned to an address or transaction indicating the level of risk based on various factors like sanctions, prior illicit activity, and behavioral patterns. **Sanctions List:** A list of addresses or entities restricted from transacting due to regulatory or legal reasons (e.g., OFAC, EU, UK, UN sanctions). **Travel Rule:** A regulatory requirement (FATF Recommendation 16) that mandates Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) to share customer information for transactions above certain thresholds. ## Stablecoin and payments **Aggregator:** A service that sources liquidity from multiple DEXs or exchanges to provide users with the best possible price for trades. **Faraday:** Range's API for executing compliant cross-chain stablecoin transfers with integrated risk screening, best-price routing, and Travel Rule compliance. **Fiat On/Off-Ramp:** Services that allow users to convert between fiat currency (e.g., USD, EUR) and cryptocurrencies. **Liquidity:** The ease with which an asset can be bought or sold without significantly affecting its price. **Liquidity Pool:** A collection of funds locked in a smart contract, used to facilitate trading on DEXs and AMMs. **Slippage:** The difference between the expected price of a trade and the actual execution price, typically caused by market volatility or low liquidity. **Stablecoin:** A cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value, typically pegged to a fiat currency like USD (e.g., USDC, USDT, DAI). **Swap:** The exchange of one cryptocurrency for another, typically executed on a DEX or through an aggregator. ## DeFi metrics **APY (Annual Percentage Yield):** The annualized rate of return on an investment, accounting for compound interest. **Borrowing Rate:** The interest rate paid by users who borrow assets from a lending protocol. **Lending Rate:** The interest rate earned by users who supply assets to a lending protocol. **TVL (Total Value Locked):** The total value of assets deposited in a DeFi protocol or smart contract, used as a measure of protocol adoption and size. **Utilization Rate:** The ratio of borrowed assets to total supplied assets in a lending protocol, indicating how efficiently capital is being used. **Yield Farming:** The practice of staking or lending crypto assets to generate high returns, often by providing liquidity to DeFi protocols. ## Blockchain concepts **Block Explorer:** A web interface that allows users to view transactions, addresses, and other onchain data for a specific blockchain. **Gas Fee:** The cost required to execute a transaction or smart contract operation on a blockchain network like Ethereum. **Mempool:** The waiting area for unconfirmed transactions before they are included in a block by miners or validators. **Non-Custodial:** A system where users maintain complete control of their private keys and assets without relying on a third-party custodian. **Oracle:** A service that provides external, real-world data to smart contracts on the blockchain. **Smart Contract:** Self-executing code deployed on a blockchain that automatically enforces the terms of an agreement when predefined conditions are met. **Transaction Hash (TxHash):** A unique identifier for a blockchain transaction, used to track and verify its status. **Validator:** A network participant responsible for verifying transactions and maintaining the integrity of a proof-of-stake blockchain. **Wallet:** A software application or hardware device that stores private keys and allows users to interact with blockchain networks. ## Range-specific terms **Entity Labeling:** The process of identifying and tagging blockchain addresses with known entities (e.g., exchanges, protocols, institutions). **Malicious Address:** A wallet address flagged for involvement in scams, hacks, phishing, or other illicit activities. **Network Tag:** A label identifying which blockchain network an address belongs to (e.g., Ethereum, Solana, Polygon). **Wallet Cohorting:** Grouping wallets by type or behavior (e.g., retail, institutional, exchange, smart contract, validator). **Whale:** A wallet or entity holding a large amount of a particular cryptocurrency, capable of significantly influencing market prices. *** ## Need more information? 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